Deadly Waterborne Disease Sparks Outbreak In New York; 3 Dead, 67 Infected

Last Updated:August 06, 2025, 16:05 IST

Legionnaires' disease, which mimics severe pneumonia, spreads not from person to person, but through inhalation of airborne water droplets contaminated with the bacteria

The disease spreads via inhalation of contaminated water droplets. (Representational Image)

A rare and deadly lung infection is triggering alarm in New York City, where an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease has killed three people and sickened at least 67 others. Health authorities are racing to identify the source of the infection, which is caused by Legionella, a waterborne bacterium that thrives in mist and moisture-filled environments.

The disease, which mimics severe pneumonia, spreads not from person to person, but through inhalation of airborne water droplets contaminated with the bacteria. Potential sources include cooling towers, fountains, showers, and plumbing systems, particularly in older or poorly maintained buildings.

The New York City Health Department is conducting an urgent investigation, inspecting cooling systems and water tanks across multiple boroughs to curb further spread. Public health officials have issued advisories urging building owners to clean and disinfect water systems regularly.

According to the Mayo Clinic, Legionella bacteria flourish in warm water and can infect people when tiny droplets become airborne, such as through air conditioning vents or humidifiers, and are inhaled. Simply being near an infected person does not transmit the illness.

Legionnaires’ Disease Symptoms

Legionnaires’ disease often begins with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, headaches, and muscle pain. It quickly escalates to a severe cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea or nausea. In some patients, confusion or disorientation has also been observed.

Health experts say elderly individuals, smokers, and those with compromised immune systems or existing lung conditions are particularly vulnerable. In such cases, the disease can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Is it treatable?

Yes, but timing is critical. Legionnaires’ disease is typically treated with antibiotics, and early intervention greatly improves the chances of recovery. Severe cases may require hospitalisation and respiratory support, including oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

Prevention efforts underway

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local health departments are enforcing stricter regulations on water system maintenance in public and residential buildings. Routine inspections of air conditioning systems, cooling towers, and plumbing infrastructure are being intensified.

To reduce individual risk, experts recommend avoiding contact with mist or steam in public places such as spas, hot tubs, and decorative fountains, especially for people in high-risk categories.

What about India?

According to the US Institutes of Health, Legionnaires’ disease remains extremely rare in India, with only a handful of cases ever reported. However, medical professionals stress the importance of awareness and prevention, particularly as urban infrastructure continues to expand and modernise.

New York, United States of America (USA)

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